Gamers and the video game industry were cheered earlier this year by the release of Grand Theft Childhood. The book, written by a pair of Harvard researchers, Cheryl Olson and Laurence Kutner, basically said that fears about the effects of games on children are largely overblown (see: Researchers's New Book Cuts Through the Negative Hype About Video Game Violence). In fact, the book was so well-received in the game community that the authors were invited to present at PAX 08 in Seattle.
Not everyone in the field agrees with Olson and Kutner, however. Dr. Jerald Block, an Oregon psychiatrist and professor, works with patients suffering from video game addiction. He also happens to be a longtime reader of GamePolitics. Block's review of Grand Theft Childhood appears in November's Psychiatric Times, where he criticizes Olson and Kutner's perspective on game addiction:
The authors report being consulted by the mother of a 22-year-old man who is “addicted” to video gaming. The authors conclude, “Clearly, the young man had some major problems. The obsessive video game play was much more likely a symptom than the root cause.” Kutner and Olson do not seem to understand that while the computer use can often be a symptom of other disorders, it can also be a serious, self-perpetuating problem in its own right. The computer use is often an early defense against despair, but it can also socially isolate, perpetuate false feelings of power, and socially de-skill people; it can become its own source of pain and isolation...
Block also touches on the Shawn Woolley case:
In another example, the authors discuss, by name, a man who shot and killed himself in front of his computer. They dismiss the event on the basis of a magazine article that reported on it. They write, “It’s much more likely that his obsessive video game playing was a reflection of his other, more profound problems... and not the root cause of his suicide.” Having discussed the suicide with the man’s mother at several conferences, I found Kutner and Olson’s synopsis disturbingly trite and inaccu-rate. Moreover, the ethical breach of publishing the man’s name and speculating as to his diagnosis from afar was disturbing...




Comments
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
The big flaw I'm perceiving in Block's argument is that he's saying that game and computer addiction are their own afflictions, while at the same time saying they reflect other problems.
What I'm getting at is in this line:
"The computer use is often an early defense against despair, but it can also socially isolate, perpetuate false feelings of power, and socially de-skill people; it can become its own source of pain and isolation..."
You don't blame the computer in that situation, then. You find out what causes a person to seek isolation. A normal, healthy person would not otherwise seek to be isolated or seek feelings of false power, there has to be something else at work, some other issue which spurs on thie deterimental behavior.
A cigarette addiction, for instance, occurs because the individual's system grows to rely on Nicotine. Therefore, they know that if they smoke, their bodies will get that nicotine and the feelings will go away. With gaming, however, there is not always a 100% chance that you will get the desired result. If a person needed to play a game to get the endorphins or the adrenaline going to slake their physiological need for whatever, then gaming would not be a properly addictive substance. For instance, say a person actually is addicted to games somehow and they have a really bad gaming day where they get fragged a thousand times, or their raid guild just can't get their act together, or they just can't seem to solve a puzzle. These negative experiences would mean that the addicted player is not getting the desired action from the game and it is therefore not satiating their addiction. The dynamic nature of gaming makes it different than other things that you actually can get addicted to simply on basis that the experience is not always the same. If you're an alcoholic, for the most part, beer will always get you drunk. If you're a gamer, there are too many damn factors involved to guarantee that gaming will always make you happy/feel successful/fulfil some fantasy.
Now, even if this hypothetical game addict was just addicted to the feeling of beating a level and obsessively played until he beat the next one, diregarding sleep and responsibility to do so, you should probably ask yourself what went wrong in this individual's life that they need that validation so badly. It's never an issue with the Games, it's always the individual. Human behavior is often fueled by a reason, even if the person doesn't realize it or isn't able to admit it.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Here's the final paragraph from the article:
"Overall, the book is well-written, engaging, and interesting. It is unfortunate that in an effort to make an all-inclusive text that is accessible to a wide audience, the authors’ reasoning often becomes flippant and simplistic."
Elsewhere in the article he lists three specific issues with the conclusions made in the book. I hardly see that as dismissing the entire book. Rather he has issues with the book being too common-mannish for a research publication. I'd say that was a conscious choice by Kutner and Olson.
I think the overall theme of the book is still very much valid. I had some similar concerns about some of the stuff in the book. Some of the conclusions did seem a little biased, or at least unsubstantiated with any real data.
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Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
I'd say that writing off deeper psychological problems as video game addiction is a lot more frightening and dangerous than speculating that someone who kills themselves over a videogame might have been sick and needed some, i don't know, medical help.
-I apologize-
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
This topic has been emerging much more lately, and its unlikely the rate of "addiction" has been climbing at the same rate. The Addiction angle is already the next big thing for anti-games activists.
They have failed to peg gamers as being killers-in-training, and too many gamers are now parents, business owners, and otherwise active members of society. Hence, this is becoming the last thing they can turn to as a way of getting games banned/regulated.
I am sure they are salivating at the prospect of getting games legally lumped in with alcohol, gambling, and tobacco. Should that happen, the videogames industry is going to be pretty much dead- it would be like making "AO" the only rating any game can obtain.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Jerald Block has done some good work on the Ethical side of Information Systems, so I cannot simply discount his opinion as having no meaning, however, and I don't neccesarily disagree with some of the points he is raising, but he doesn't so much seem to be attacking the book more than providing the same advice that should be taken with all research.
I don't take Grand Theft Chlidhood as 100% Gospel any more than I take Dr Block's work as being the only authority in the phsychology of Information Systems, all authors are influenced by their own personal assumptions, and no amount of trying to be logical about things will ever change that.
As far as I'm concerned, thought-out criticism is good, it promotes discussion of different viewpoints and an intelligent look into the effects of games.
Personally, I don't believe for one moment the 'games make murderers' crap, however, I am not wholly convinced that they cannot become mentally addictive. Not like alcohol or drugs, but in much the same way that pastimes like Bowling, Gambling. Fishing, Hunting etc have broken up marriages because one member has ignored the other so much in favour of that pastime, often there is a reason whysomeone throws themselves into a past-time like that, but not always. Gambling, in particular is a good comparison, because they have similar audio/visual 'stimuli' for the players.
So, yes, I think there is something about computer games that makes them attractive, I think that some, but not all people who get addicted are people with issues in the outside world, and I think that almost all the people who play a lot of computer games would spend just as much time on other pastimes if they did not. After all, if someone spent 6 hours a day lifting weights, where is the difference (mentally) between that and spending 6 hours hunting Orcs? Yet we wouldn't be running around complaining about the terrible addictive qualities of weight-lifting.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Dr. Block, I encourage you to submit a peer-reviewed study that debunks the ides put forth by Kutner and Olson. Until you do that, your thoughts, opinions and ideas are just thoughts, opinions and ideas.
I also take issue with some of what you stated in your article.
"The computer use is often an early defense against despair, but it can also socially isolate, perpetuate false feelings of power, and socially de-skill people; it can become its own source of pain and isolation..."
I agree that use of a computer can defend against dispair however it does not always socially isolate, etc. Your wording is very misleading unless dissected. I can offer a perfect counterstatement to the above that would also be true for a large group of people. In fact, here it is:
"The computer use is often an early defense against despair, however it can also enlarge your social group, train people to manage power in a virtual setting, and grant people social skills; it can become its own source of pleasure and social acceptance."
Note how the second statement, though agreeing with your initial point, states why it can be a defense against despair and has the potential to remove the person's despair. Spin is a very powerful tool Dr. Block. In the position of an educator you should know that just because an object CAN do something does not mean that it WILL do as such.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Even though I respect Dr. Block and his professionalism, this is the same man who said that being deprived of DooM is what made Harris and Klebold perpetrate the Columbine shootings.
Dr. Block, I agree that you shouldn't take away a game system with no warning, but it takes something more depraved to attempt to murder your entire school, and it takes something depraved for a mother to SO QUICKLY place blame on a video game for the suicide of her son; this is an alcoholic woman who likely had no small part in his suicide.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
I guess my concern is...
What does this have to do with the conclusions of the book? It seems like Block is criticising elements that are branching from the core statement, but this reads like he's disputing the whole book. Does he really have an issue with Grand Theft Childhood, or merely with its authors' understanding of game addicition?
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
I still believe you are not addicted to video games, just addictive behaviour.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Like we have been saying. Underlying cause of video game addiction is what is important, not the addiction itself.
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Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
"The obsessive video game play was much more likely a symptom than the root cause."
Case closed.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Yes, it's a horrible shame that someone actually did something more than just the usual "take the individual and the complexity of the individual out of the equation". What a horrible incompetant thing for them to do to actually seek more indepth explainations other than "its the evil video game/rock n' roll/comic book/Shakespeare/Harry Potter/Barney the purple dinosaur/etc etc etc that caused it to happen!"
:/
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Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
“Clearly, the young man had some major problems. The obsessive video game play was much more likely a symptom than the root cause.” Kutner and Olson do not seem to understand that while the computer use can often be a symptom of other disorders, it can also be a serious, self-perpetuating problem in its own right. The computer use is often an early defense against despair, but it can also socially isolate, perpetuate false feelings of power, and socially de-skill people; it can become its own source of pain and isolation..."
He's right. Specifically, "The computer use is often an early defense against despair." I remember the year I graduated highschool. Parents had moved to a small town in Mississippi that had a very small population of young adults (18 to 21.) I had nothing to do, no one to hang out with. When you're that age you normally have established friends where you live. All I had to do was fuck around on my computer and play with this new fangled thing called the internet. I sat in front of it for days at a time. Only stopping to eat (barely. If it took to long I sat in front of the pc with the food.) and shower. I'd get two hours of sleep at a time. Anytime I'd stop I would realize how much it sucked to live in a place I didn't know anyone and couldn't find anyone. Granted, I did gain some skills that help me in the job market today but when the only people you talk to are on IRC while you're busy writing back door scripts to automate trojans (sub 7 anyone? Yeah..) Then there's something wrong with that.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Good ol'Sub7, fun times..... I remember when it first came out I bet I still have its creator on my ICQ (barely use it anymore) list. But uhh... Okay I better not say anymore or I might get in trouble. <_< >_> Oh crap I just said too much.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
God save us from psychiatrists: they all believe to have the ring of power over our brains and that's up to them to decide who's crazy and who's not!
away psychiatrists!
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Careful, you're starting to sound like Tom Cruise. ;)
You do have a point, though, in that psychiatry is hardly a cutting-edge science, and the power these people can have over others is highly disturbing.
"Life sucks, get a fuckin helmet" - Denis Leary
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
"Careful, you're starting to sound like Tom Cruise. ;)"
you couldn't offend me heavier than that, man
I guess you owe me deep apologies...
jokes apart, the problem is that I have a very bad opinion about the "Factory of the Healt", as I like to call it therefore I do not trust so much their representatives.
I recon though that is a complex argument but this have not to let us forget that we got a brain to use and we have not to delegate other people to tell us what to think about an issue.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Actually Dr Block does make a good point about the computer addition, while having a root cause elsewhere (and thus being a coping mechanism) can become a problem unto it'self. It is one of the things that can make dealing with depression and mental illness so difficult, the ease at which a coping mechanism takes on a life of it's own and becomes unhealthy. This isn't unique to video games (not by a long shot) but neither are video games exempt from the effect.
In moderation such mechanisms can do wonders for helping depression.. taken too far and things get messy. They need to be balanced with other activities (such as face social time).
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
I can't help but see a man with extensive knowledge of an extremely limited subject, picking out a single element of a much larger work for criticism.
I heard Olsen and Kutner speak recently in Boston. They're smart people who did a lot of research and freely admit that their study is incomplete - that they found MANY more questions than answers. However, I've yet to see any researchers debunk any of their conclusions; all of the "games are bad" claims still focus on the very studies that Olsen & Kutner investigated and (usually) found lacking. I'm still waiting for any evidence at all that their own studies are faulty. Granted their conclusions jive with my own worldview (games are entertainment; their potential to sow good/bad is far more dependent on the individual situation), but maybe that's just because they did a better job on their homework.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Meh if I killed myself my mom would probably blame it on video games too. She's always hated the fact that I play them (and still does even though I don't live there anymore), she always tried to get me to stop completely. In her mind video games can never ever be something good, they're always a childish waste of time.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
And the flame war starts anew...
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Get your bag o' pics at the ready there chief.
Also, shhhhh. Birdman, shhhhhhh. Sentcha.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
It's not an "ethical breach" to publish Shawn Wooley's name, considering the Shawn Wooley case was publicized by his very own mother and the Metropolitian Moron of Miami.
I think Dr. Block is just pitching sour grapes that Olson and Kutner told the truth.
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Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
The only way it could be an ethical breech is if Shawn Wooley or his mother came to them as a client. Then, no matter how highly publicized it is, it would be extroardinarly unethical and could have lead to their licenses to practice being revoked. Confidentiality is a HUGE deal and should be respected moreso than anything.
That being said, I highly doubt either one of them came to the authors as a client, thus no ethical breech existed.
I do have to agree with him about some of the key points he raised. It's rare to have an issue in psychology, no matter how minor, that scholars will not debate.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Olson and Kutner did extensive research, comparing several different "studies" throughout the decades. They didn't stop at speculation.
Also, the book isn't so much about proving video games one way or another. It's about really thinking about the problem from both sides. No, I didn't agree with everything they said, but it helped to consider things from different perspectives. That's a good sign of non-bias: if you totally agree or totally disagree, it's probably biased. It's good when somethings you didn't even consider come to mind.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Mental health issues apparently run in the family; as her son was seemingly dangerously obsessed with his computer, so she is seemingly dangerously obsessed with his death and the quest to lay blame as far from herself as possible.
This time around, lets nip the problem in the bud and get Liz the help she needs before things spiral out of control.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Also, she was, at the time when her son was 'addicted', recovering from being an alcoholic.
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
Wow, and this guy says that claims in the book are "disturbing".. basing your "educated" opinion on a distraught (alcoholic) mother, who passed-on her predisposition towards such behavior is not just ridiculous, it's laughable.
How can a certified "psychiatrist and professor" not make that connection? I have alcoholism and a few acute diagnosed cases of OCD in my family (i have a mild case of it myself), and I added 1 + 1 for 2 just fine. I guess the experience counts for more than Oregon's higher education system. :P
"Life sucks, get a fuckin helmet" - Denis Leary
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
But discussing it with his mother isn't the same as discussing it with him, and she seems... well let's say she made her own diagnosis of the problem, and anyone asking her will get her own diagnosis. Does that mean the book is correct? No, it means that there really isn't any way of knowing.
I also take exception to the part about being socially withdrawn. A lot of these games are socially engaging. The majority of games are played online and multiplayer. In addition, the ones that aren't often have robust communities online.
Since the social aspect are two of the three problems he claims, wouldn't that just leave False Feelings of Power? I'm not sure on this one, but I guess it's like delusions of granduer. Shoot, something like that wcould lead someone to politics and public office. That COULD be a problem...
Re: Psychiatrist (and GP reader) Takes Issue with Grand Theft
While I would agree that the social aspect of online gaming can be encouraging and engaging to some degree, they can only go so far. Someone who is stuck at a point where they spend all their time online, engaging in LJ/Facebook/IRC/WoW and never getting any face-to-face social interaction with people is not doing too well at all. I was an IRC/LJ rat for a while with maybe one or two close friends, and I still consider a lot of those people my "inner circle," but it was primarily a launchpad for being able to interact with people on a regular basis.
See: this Cracked article (I know! An insightful article on Cracked? Who woulda thought?), reference points 1 through 4.