Call it the "Pink Floyd Effect."
A just-released research report claims that playing violent video games makes players "comfortably numb" to the pain and suffering of others.
The study, conducted by University of Michigan professor Brad Bushman and Iowa State University professor Craig Anderson, appears in the March 2009 issue of Psychological Science.
Both Bushman and Anderson have previously published research with negative findings about violent games. A press release describes the research methodology employed in the new report:
320 college students played either a violent or a nonviolent video game for approximately 20 minutes. A few minutes later, they overheard a staged fight that ended with the "victim" sustaining a sprained ankle and groaning in pain.
People who had played a violent game took significantly longer to help the victim than those who played a nonviolent game---73 seconds compared to 16 seconds. People who had played a violent game were also less likely to notice and report the fight. And if they did report it, they judged it to be less serious than did those who had played a nonviolent game.
In the second study, the participants were 162 adult moviegoers. The researchers staged a minor emergency outside the theater... The researchers timed how long it took moviegoers to [help]... Participants who had just watched a violent movie took over 26 percent longer to help than either people going into the theater or people who had just watched a nonviolent movie.
Prof. Bushman (left) commented:
These studies clearly show that violent media exposure can reduce helping behavior. People exposed to media violence are less helpful to others in need because they are 'comfortably numb' to the pain and suffering of others, to borrow the title of a Pink Floyd song.
Comments
Re:"Study": "Violent" Games "Make" Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Yet another pathetic B.S. junk science "study" from a pair of agenda-seekers.
Bushman and Anderson should have their degrees revoked.
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Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
I swear to god the more degrees and credentials these "experts" people have, the less common sense they have. First off there are way too many variables that play as potential factors of the outcome and it would be impossible to come up with a clear conclusion with that many factors present. It looks like the guy did one test, got the results he seeked and case closed. To get the most accurate results any idiot knows you have to repeat the experiment time after time so that there is no doubt that the results are indeed accurate. I would get into all the potential factors that influence the conclusion but I'd probably spend a week here writing them down so......
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
I tried Googling for articles, especially "studies", about the general public getting involved with criminal or violent acts.
A quick scan didn't show any immediate "studies", but I pulled a few articles. And further research along these lines will show more logical reasoning why those individuals didn't get involved.
http://www.newstin.co.uk/rel/uk/en-010-004243607
http://www.answerbag.com/q_view/906137
http://www.metro.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=225391&in_page_id=34&in_a_source=
http://blogs.news.com.au/bossy/index.php/news/comments/should_you_intervene_when_a_woman
_is_being_abused_ona_public_streett/P30/
(This last one, there's no space between woman and _is_being. I had to break it to fit properly.)
Usually, what you'll find with such articles has the bias "hubby hitting wife". But there are a couple of clear references to what has happened to some individuals who DID get involved to their dismay.
Nightwng2000
NW2K Software
Nightwng2000 has also updated his MySpace page: http://www.myspace.com/nightwing2000 Nightwng2000 is now admin to the group "Parents For Education, Not Legislation" on MySpace as http://groups.myspace.com/pfenl
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
A few summers ago at a pool side BBQ. One of my nieces friends went under and didn't come back up. Out of a crowd of 20 people. When the kids started yelling. Only 2 people jumped in.
Does that mean the other 18 people didn't care the the girl was drowning?
No, it just means the time it took them to process what happened and how to react took longer in those 18 than the 2 that dove in. The girl was find scared everyone to death but she was fine. 2 cell phones perished in the incident though. Same with this study. How long it takes for anyone to react depends on too many variables not JUST what they were doing.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Hmmmm, what I took from the study:
-Didn't bother to see how these people would react to the same situations before the "fight". Therefore we don't actually have data to properly compare the before and after effects of how they would react.
-If you think a sprained ankle is serious, you're a pussy. Yeah they hurt, it sucks, but people get them all the time and it isn't like it's even remotely life threatening. Put some ice on it, maybe wrap it up a bit. If it swells up, go see a doctor. But it's not a damn gunshot wound. What did they expect from the participants, to hold their hand and tell them it's going to be ok until the EMTs showed up? Maybe those that played violent video games aren't be less helpful, maybe those that played nonviolent games are a bunch of overreacting idiots.
-They also did not seem to take into effect mob mentality
-Nor did they compare it to non-media forms of violence to see if it's media itself or just violence. What about a person from an abusive home? Or bad neighborhood? What about the damn military? Case in point: I was hanging out with two friends, one from McWhitetown Suburbs and one that grew up in the projects of the Bronx. A gunshot goes off in the distance. My friend from the 'Burbs goes "Holy shit, what was that?!" Friend from the Bronx goes "Oh, that's a shotgun." in the most casual voice. As these are college students it's hard to make such a generalization since they've had a good 18+ years of absorbing so many other factors.
-Does not say what the "emergency" is outside the theatre. They do realize that, depending on the emergency, some people won't help either because it isn't that serious (like a sprained ankle) or that by getting involved might actually make the situation worse, especially if you're crowding around and getting in the way of officials who need to be there like cops, EMTs, firefighters, etc. If there's a bad car accident in front of your and a person appears unconscious in the car you do NOT move them unless their life appears to be immediently threatened like the car's on fire. You call the paramedics and wait for the, excuse the caps, TRAINED FUCKEN PROFESSIONALS do their job. For all you know the guy in the car may be injured in such a way that, if you move him incorrectly, the injury could become worse. Likewise in our sue-happy society you could be sued for helping a person in such a situation if it can be proven that your intervention either lead to an injury or the aggrevation of an injury.
-Did the test subjects know that these events were staged? I'm assuming they weren't, but having pre-existing knowledge that the events are fake can affect the outcome a bit.
-A sprained ankle? Really?
Man, it must be getting hard to get grant money these days.
Tea and cake or death! Tea and cake or death! Little Red Cook-book! Little Red Cook-book!
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
"Didn't bother to see how these people would react to the same situations before the "fight". Therefore we don't actually have data to properly compare the before and after effects of how they would react."
Can you clarify on this?
I hoped you didn't miss that, but it's a WOMAN with a sprained ankle. Would you help her? I know men would be callous in helping another man with a sprained ankle, but they'd react differently towards a woman right?
Yes, they did took crowd effect into account and mentioned that in their paper.
It is interesting to see how important factors like neighborhood violence might have a stronger effect. However, the researchers are trying to tell that this effect applies in a generalizable way: It happens to everyone.
I'm not sure if you are confusing the two experiments in the study. There wasn't an emergency for the young lady with the crutches, she just accidently dropped her crutches and she's trying to pick them up despite her "apparent" injuries. An innoucuous accident with someone who's having trouble picking up her crutches.
The tests subjects in both experiments don't know it was staged, if they know that, then the data would be useless. Even the researchers know that too.
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Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
"Nor did they compare it to non-media forms of violence to see if it's media itself or just violence."
Actually, the first thing that came to mind when i read that line was considering sports... people just coming out from watching a boxing match or people just leaving a football game or something.
I'm in the wrong field
Every time I read these psychological papers I realize that I'm in the wrong field. If this is the kind of article that can get published I'm wasting my time actually trying to come up with an argument and a conclusion. Apparently all it takes to get published as a psychologist is to say, "I did an experiment. Here's what happened. The end." No real discussion of why the result happened or alternative explanations. No discussion of the faults of the study. They didn't even bother to ask the people why they did what they did.
Now, I have no idea of how well respected this journal is or how representative this article is of the kind of articles that appear in the journal so I may be way off base but this does little to inspire me to see out other articles published in this journal.
http://www.popularculturegaming.com
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Researchers at the University of Senseless Research have released a report that claims the people who watch America's Home Videos have a higher chance to laugh at other's pain and suffering. "We played a clip from a recent showing of the program where a child sled down a hill and bowled over his father. The subjects then proceeded to laugh. We then did a field trial where an actual child slid down a hill and ran into a parent. We found quite remarkable results. Instead of laughing the onlookers checked to make sure the parent was ok. One subject even had a cell phone ready to call for an ambulance. Clearly these results show that America's Home Video watchers are callous bastards who wouldn't lift a finger to save their mother from the Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal," explained head researcher Professor Peter Piper.
The release of this study has led to the increase of demands that Congress do something to save the children.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Those damn bastards, with their subjectively hilarious outakes! They must be stopped from airing!
QUICK! To the Jackal, I mean, Jackophone!
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Lawrence Kutner and Cheryl Olsen have already pointed out several inaccuracies with this guy's previous research, so it's hard to take this study at face value. The only way we could take a study like this seriously is that if the exact same situation was recreated outside of a study. Even then, is there some time limit for how long it will take for the alleged "effects" of violent games to wear off so that people will immediately help others who seem to be in distress?
M. Carusi
Capitol Gaming
http://capitolgaming.blogspot.com
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
You would have to wonder, seeing that it is based on 320 accounts, how realistic was the "accident" by the end of the study? I'm not an actor, but I can imagine the people involved in this getting tired of repeating their little act over and over and over.
Also, is there any pre-study control done on the participants? Some more information on the "accident" would also be helpful. Was it a big strapping healthy looking man who sprained his ankle? Or a vulnerable and weak looking guy? Was it a woman? Who was the other person involved?
To be honest, unless the guy was rolling on the floor screaming, I wouldn't do much to help. It's a sprained ankle for goodness sake! I see a guy sitting on the floor holding his ankle going "Owwww!", I would imagine, "That must be sore, he'll be alright in a while though". I might ask if he was ok, but unless he asked me for help to stand I wouldn't offer it. Not being medically trained I could end up doing more harm to a person who seems injured by moving them.
Maybe the correct findings that should be drawn from this study is that people who play violent games are able to discern better when a person needs help or not. It's obvious that not playing violent games makes people "Hyper-sensitive and empathic" to other people's pain no matter how minor and compels them to act!
Craig Anderson is involved. move along nothing to see here
Craig Anderson is the boy how cried wolf of "aggression." He has never done a study on any form of violence that didn't end up finding that the medium caused "aggression." I'm sure that if he studied sleep he would find that caused "aggression" too.
http://www.popularculturegaming.com
Re: Craig Anderson is involved. move along nothing to see here
It's hard to get grant money if you don't present research that has some kind of "result".
Tea and cake or death! Tea and cake or death! Little Red Cook-book! Little Red Cook-book!
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
I'm interested in what would happen if you got someone to watch a non-violent movie that has antisocial content... something like... Swimming with Sharks or Boiler Room.
Or how about playing a non-violent game in an anti-social way such as The Sims and consistently make your sim piss his pants.
Or playing a violent game socially, like counter-strike and constantly helping your teammates.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Interesting but I'm noticing several potentially serious problems with the study. However, I'll give it the benefit of the doubt and wait 'til I read it.
EDIT: Found it.
Games used (Couldn't they use a game made in the last decade?):
Violent - Carmageddon ('97), Duke Nukem ('91), Mortal Kombat ('92), Future Cop ('98)
Nonviolent - Glider Pro ('91), 3D Pinball ('96), Austin Powers (cancelled far as I know. Maybe they used one of the AP Pinball games?), Tetra Madness (never heard of it)
Script for the staged fight (prerecorded):
First actor: You stole her from me. I’m right, and you know it, you
loser.
Second actor: Loser? If I’m a loser, why am I dating your ex-girlfriend?
First actor: Okay, that’s it, I don’t have to put up with this shit any
longer.
When the recording reached this point, the experimenter
threw a chair onto the floor, making a loud crash, and kicked the
door to the participant’s room twice.
Second actor: [groans in pain]
First actor: Ohhhh, did I hurt you?
Second actor: It’s my ankle, you bastard. It’s twisted or something.
First actor: Isn’t that just too bad?
Second actor: I can’t even stand up!
First actor: Don’t look to me for pity.
Second actor: You could at least help me get off the floor.
First actor: You’ve gotta be kidding me. Help you? I’m outta here.
[slams the door and leaves]
The whole fight was a recording. The only thing live was the crash and two kicks to the door. Who do they think they're kidding? Maybe the delivery was tops but that's some crap dialog. (To be fair, after finding that only 50% thought the fight was real, they worked on improving it until 100% were convinced.)
Okay this is interesting:
-Helping rates between violent and nonviolent video game players, 21% and 25%, respectively
-Heard the fight: 94% and 99%, respectively
-Fight severity on a scale of 1 to 10: 5.91 and 6.44, respectively
Oh, and the difference between the amount of time it took to help the lady outside the movie? Less than two seconds.
Andrew Eisen
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
All of their statistics were done right, but if my understanding from stats courses is correct, p < .04 and p < .03 is debateable with a test like this. The cut-off is 5% (.05) and it's desirable to have one that is < .01
As far as I know, studies with "clear findings" usually have p > .0001 and have been replicated with that statistics numerous times. If you take a look at anything that is considered a big finding in psychology research, it is usually much lower than 3%.
However, there is no denying that effects were there, it just needs to be replicated and I think, personally, it needs to be done with a probability of less than 3%.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Wow, Bushman makes it sounds like the violent media watches were standing around watchign for a considerable amount of time... but a difference of less than 2 seconds? and this is somehow evidence of a problem? That guy really is just trying to fish fro results; it's no wonder these studies never hold up in court
Not to mention, they need to higher a scriptwriter... Seriously, that dialouge seems so obviously fake and unnatural it makes my brain hurt.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Do those results even fall outside the margin of error for these types of studies, given the sample size? I'm just asking...I have no idea what they should be.
***Homicide-free video gaming since 1972!***
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Sorry margin of errors only applies to polls, not experiments.
http://vgresearcher.wordpress.com/
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Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Sorry, that I don't know.
Andrew Eisen
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Wait, you are telling me the "26% longer" was a difference of TWO SECONDS!!!
OMG! WE ARE ALL HORRIBLE PEOPLE!
Basically, he took a non-conclusive result and phrased the results in such a way to make them seem conclusive. Somehow, I doubt "People who play a violent game may be 4% less likely to help someone" doesn't move forward his personal agenda.
Come on people, this guy is asking to be debunked.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Of course not.
I'm telling you it was less than two seconds.
People who had just seen a violent movie averaged 6.89 seconds to help. People who hadn't seen a movie yet or saw a nonviolent film averaged 5.46 seconds.
Andrew Eisen
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
The violent ones were probably taking longer to assess the situation...
That's my take. After playing something thought-provoking/strategic (like a first-person shooter), I'd probably need to make sure the surrounding area is safe before rushing in to help someone..
-If an apple a day keeps the doctor away....what happens when a doctor eats an apple?-
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
I guess it just turns out that those who watch violent media can tell acting from reality
岩「…Where do masochists go when they die?」
岩「…I can see why Hasselbeck's worried about fake guns killing fake people. afterall, she's a fake journalist on a fake news channel」
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Um... I think of it this way.
If I can't do a damn thing about that persons suffering. Why bother? I have a life and bills to pay man!
Having now read the article. Yea I would of bothered a damn slight quicker than 16 seconds thank you for that poor sap. ANd I've played "violent" games since I was "gasp" 5, thank you very much.
Then again, having sprained my own ankle, I might of been cynicl in helping him like saying, "Suck it up you big baby"
Regarding reporting a Fight, jesus christ, did he research these idiots after high school?! NO ONE REPORTS FIGHTS IN HIGH SCHOOL! Think they'd START when they finished?!?!
I never reported a fight, ever, found a number of them. Why you don't report a fight? Isn't it obvious? YOu want to be next? I'm sorry, I'd like to avoid that.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Wouldn't the fact that game characters are FAKE have anything to do with this? I really don't give a rat's ass about how Pac Man or Master Chief feels when they die. I don't care because they aren't real.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
These two are always finding negative effects in video games. It seems to me that if you look hard enough for a particular effect, you'll manage to come up with an experiment that appears to find it.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
That's actually a very documented effect, i can't recall an official name, but i've been warned against it when discussing hypothesis creation and such in my Bio Labs.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Confirmation bias?
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
It's funny, because I think we're getting confirmation bias on our confirmation bias here -- every time a study says games cause violence (or some derivative thereof) we jump up to attack it. What a coincidence, eh?
---
The Mammon Industry
Fangamer
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Serious BS.
"These studies clearly show that violent media exposure can reduce helping behavior."
No, no they don't. Put a person in a situation where they experience anything; Noise, smells, flashing lights, a clock buzzing every 7 seconds, anything, and they will become used to it for a limited amount of time. It does not mean they are desensetized, it just means that for that limited amount of time afterward, the person doesn't see the (noise|sight|smell|etc) as a change in their environment, and it is those changes that we most readily pick up on.
Seriously, were did these people study scientific process?
"People exposed to media violence are less helpful to others in need because they are 'comfortably numb' to the pain and suffering of others"
A huge leap to a conclusion, completely unjustified, tainted by flawed methodology.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
This was my first thought as well. They're taking a short-term aftereffect and using it to, at the very least, strongly imply that there are lasting effects.
---
I'm not under the affluence of incohol as some thinkle peep I am. I'm not half as thunk as you might drink. I fool so feelish I don't know who is me, and the drunker I stand here, the longer I get.
---
I'm not under the affluence of incohol as some thinkle peep I am. I'm not half as thunk as you might drink. I fool so feelish I don't know who is me, and the drunker I stand here, the longer I get.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
I call foul how does this prof know that those same individuals that took more time to help after coming out of a violent game/movie would have helped any quicker when coming out of a non violent game/movie. On top of that did he take into account mob mentaility ... if one in the group reacts more react if no one reacts then the rest are less likely to inniate the reaction.
I just love people that try to sum up something all on one item when the number of factors are so great that not one single one could be singled out as the cause.
So once again I call foul.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
"I call foul how does this prof know that those same individuals that took more time to help after coming out of a violent game/movie would have helped any quicker when coming out of a non violent game/movie."
That's precisely why studies like these need large sample sizes. Large groups of people lower the odds of individual variants effecting the results.
His study had 320 people for the games and 126 people for the movies.
----------------------------------------------------
Debates are like merry go rounds. Two people take their positions then they go through the same points over and over and over again. Then when it's over they have the same positions they started in.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
They did took that into account, actually their study is based on mob mentality and they just add another factor to see whether violent media (i.e. watching violent or playing violent video games) makes helping much less likely or slowly. So no I wouldn't call that foul.
http://vgresearcher.wordpress.com/
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Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
How do the subjects react to watching a real violent act on TV news?
In still pictures in a newspaper?
In still pictures of a magazine describing the event from a week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and longer ago?
To written reports with no pictures?
To violent acts within their own families?
To violent acts to friends?
To violent acts to strangers in their own community, city, state?
To violent acts to strangers across the country or around the world?
I can break it down by thousands of differing personalitites, beliefs, attitudes, emotions, ways the exposure occurs, and so forth.
How would that have reacted to these events BEFOER having watched/played/been exposed to ANY form of violent media?
This "study" doesn't even reach the level of junk science.
Someone's license and/or degree needs revoking for such incompetancy.
Nightwng2000
NW2K Software
Nightwng2000 has also updated his MySpace page: http://www.myspace.com/nightwing2000 Nightwng2000 is now admin to the group "Parents For Education, Not Legislation" on MySpace as http://groups.myspace.com/pfenl
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Err nightwing if you could point to the parts of the research paper where they even attempted to answer that long list of questions I can appreciate it.
Now
"How would that have reacted to these events BEFORE having watched/played/been exposed to ANY form of violent media?"
That is an interesting question that would indeed be relevant. Perhaps they should repeat the experiment with people who weren't watching or playing anything just for curiousity's sake.
Although I don't see how this goes below junk science.
With all due respect nightwing I think you overreact sometimes.
----------------------------------------------------
Debates are like merry go rounds. Two people take their positions then they go through the same points over and over and over again. Then when it's over they have the same positions they started in.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Wait a second, your telling me that your basing this on a staged fight?
I think the people who had been "exposed" to violence took longer simply because they realized it was staged!
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
"Hey you! You, uh, bully! I saw...what does that say?...I saw what you, uh, did!"
"What? You want...LINE!...you WANT to get a pounding, nerd?"
"...hey, wrong card!...Uhhh...Don't call me a nerd, you unsmart person!"
"Oh yeah?" *fake punches*
*pause* "Oh! Uhhh...Ow, you have punched me!...In the face! Oh help, I am in trouble!"
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Nice. That's probably how it went.
Staged fights or fake fights.
Better choice: No fights.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"A Chrono Trigger is anything that unleashes its will or desire to change history!" -Gaspar
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Except it was pre-recorded.
Are you guys just thinking of possible flaws and then assuming because of the bad result it must've had one of those flaws?
----------------------------------------------------
Debates are like merry go rounds. Two people take their positions then they go through the same points over and over and over again. Then when it's over they have the same positions they started in.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Well I, myself, was just joking around. I wasn't being serious about anything.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
I saw it on some video we watched at school, so I can't cite it, but the research said that if you have a person alone in a room, then hear someone crying for help in the hall, the person in the room would help them. However, if there were a couple of people in the room, then the women in the hall cries for help, none of them would do anything at all. Does that mean you are more numb to violence around other people?
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
The experimenters had accounted for that type of effect, they used the same experiment and just added a violent media effect to see if it makes it worse (i.e. much less helping).
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Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Even taking this study at pure face value, I have to ask the obvious question: so what? It would seem that playing a violent video game has roughly the same effect as living in a major US city like LA or NYC; it teaches you to mind your own business.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
I notice that they didn't single out "violent" video games, but also studied the effect on "violent" movies.
On the other hand, there would be a lot to say about people's (absence of) "helping behavior" during real-life incidents.
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to ...
Yeah, their methodology is improving. And they don't use proxies for anger, such as airhorn blasts and concluding a millisecond longer than "normal" makes you evil serial killer person.
"That's not ironic. That's justice."
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
There's another thing behind the second experiment: crowds. In fact, there's a name for the phenomemon when a group of people witness something as it happens, but don't do anything about it. I can't remember the name, but I remember it because I finally got around to reading Watchmen recently, which brought up the same event as my psychology teacher...
Then again, why not ask people for their moral codes? Some people just don't get involved... And a sprained ankle? Please. If you want to see if someone will help, do something a bit more serious...
Re: Study: Violent Games Make Players "Comfortably Numb" to
Yeah, a sprained ankle and a simple fist fight is hardly something to report or make a big deal of.
Should've used something closer to "bleeding to death"-type stuff.
-If an apple a day keeps the doctor away....what happens when a doctor eats an apple?-